Neonatal diseases
Jaundice
It is a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes of a newborn, and it occurs as a result of the baby’s blood containing an excess of bilirubin, which is a yellow pigment from red blood cells that circulate in the baby’s bloodstream. Infant jaundice is a common condition, especially among premature babies and some breastfed babies, and it usually occurs when a baby's liver is not mature enough to eliminate bilirubin from the bloodstream.
Blood infection
It is an infection of the blood in children younger than 90 days old. This condition is diagnosed in its early stages between 24-48 hours after birth, while advanced blood infection occurs one week to 3 months after birth.
Infection in the early stages usually occurs when a baby contracts an infection from his mother before or during birth. Cases of premature birth, water breakage (rupture of the membranes) for more than 18 hours before birth, or inflammation of the placenta and amniotic fluid are among the main reasons that contribute to a high risk of the child being exposed to blood infections. Children develop advanced hematitis after birth, usually as a result of a long-term catheter in the blood vessels or a long stay in the hospital.
Meninges
It is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord called meninges. These membranes protect the brain from injury and inflammation. In infants, this infection occurs in the first 28 days of the child’s birth due to the child’s exposure to a type of bacteria, virus, or fungus. Bacteria are among the most common causes of inflammation, especially Streptococcus bacteria and Escherichia coli.
Symptoms of meningism in newborns are often difficult to recognize, but some of these symptoms include fever, reluctance to eat, vomiting and/or diarrhea, unresponsiveness, and difficulty breathing.
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
This condition is described by temporary rapid breathing that usually occurs during the first hours of the baby's birth and usually goes away without treatment within 3 days or less. Its symptoms include:
-Rapid breathing at a rate of more than 60 breaths per minute
-Muttering breathing
-Move the wings of the nose to increase air entry
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