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 CMV infection during pregnancy and its impact on fetal health

CMV infection during pregnancy

Some women pick up CMV during pregnancy when exposed to body fluids infected with the virus for a long time, such as saliva, urine, mucus, blood, stool, or semen.

If the infection is during pregnancy, the fetus is likely to become infected through the transmission of the virus in the blood through the placenta.

In contrast to an adult, a fetus finds it difficult to deal with a virus that attacks many devices causing significant harm.

As a result of the mother's initial infection during pregnancy, about 40% of fetuses develop the virus through the placenta while still in the womb, meaning that in 60% of cases, there is no fetal infection with the virus despite the mother's illness.

There is another condition in which the patient is infected with the virus in the past and is immune to the disease during pregnancy, but may develop the disease during pregnancy as a result of the virus that was hibernated o

r infected with another strain of the virus.

In these cases, fetal transmission is also possible, but the incidence is much lower, and infected fetuses can develop fetal CMV disease similar to the first virus infection.

How do you know you have CMV?

CMV usually does not cause any noticeable symptoms, but some people may develop mild symptoms, such as fever, swollen glands, coughing, or a cold.

The virus can also cause serious illness in people living with HIV or undergoing chemotherapy for cancer.

But most people never discover they have CMV infection or have ever had it.

CMV treatment during pregnancy

There is currently no cure for CMV infection during pregnancy, but antiviral drugs may sometimes be used to treat newborns diagnosed with the virus or people with weakened immune systems.

What are the risks to the health of a fetus infected with CMV?

About 80-90% of fetuses infected in the womb will be born fully healthy and will show no symptoms as the chances of developing long-term complications decrease.

But a minority of infected fetuses will develop diseases or birth defects, such as:

Loss of sight or hearing.

Low birth weight

Microcephaly.

Liver, spleen, and lung damage.

Seizures.

Jaundice.

Rash.

Intellectual disability.

Symptoms of the disease may appear in a tiny percentage of babies who appear to be healthy at birth later in life.